🌾 Hal Shashthi (Lalahi Chhath / Halchhath) Puja Vidhi — step by step
The household vidhi of Hal Shashthi — mahua twig as toothbrush at dawn, puja at midday or afternoon (Chhath Mata), katha and fruit meal in the evening; gather the items (unploughed grain) a day earlier.
How to do Hal Shashthi (Lalahi Chhath / Halchhath) — the steps
- Dawn: bathe, brush the teeth with a mahua twig (folk custom), fresh clean clothes; all day no grain or fruit grown with the plough — some mothers take nothing at all, most one meal of pasahi rice and buffalo curd.
- The symbol of Chhath Mata: plaster the ground of the courtyard or puja place and make a small pit or a drawn pond (in some homes); stand in it twigs of jharberi, palash and kusha tied together into one bush — this is the 'Harchhath'; or draw the image of Chhath Mata on a wall.
- Sankalp: 'I (name) keep the Hal Shashthi vrat for the long life, happiness and protection of my son/children (names)' — release the water.
- Worship: turmeric, roli, akshat, raw thread (wound on the twigs), seven grains (barley, gram, wheat, paddy, maize, moong, urad — some homes seven roasted grains, 'satnaja'), mahua flowers and fruit, pasahi (tinni) rice, buffalo curd and ghee, lai (puffed paddy), ber, a picture of the plough or an idol of Balarama; suhag items (bangles, sindoor) for Chhath Mata; ghee lamp, incense.
- Balarama puja: to the picture of the plough and pestle or the idol/picture of Balarama — turmeric, sandal, blue cloth (Balarama wears blue), an offering of mahua, pasahi rice and curd; 'Om Balabhadraya Namah' / 'Om Sankarshanaya Namah'.
- Katha: hear the seven stories of Hal Shashthi (or the main one — of the milkmaid and the cow's milk); remember 'Har Chhath Mata' at each; after the katha distribute the seven grains, mahua and lai as prasad.
- The mothers' rite: the thread wound on the twigs, a knot in the child's name, after the puja the mothers pass a hand of turmeric-curd over the children's backs (Chhath Mata's blessing), a tilak of pasahi and curd; new clothes or sweets for the children.
- Fruit meal: in the evening (or after the puja) pasahi rice, buffalo curd, milk and ghee, mahua, spade-grown tubers, fruit; normal food the next day; the twigs are floated in water or placed under a peepal.
Puja samagri checklist
Pasahi rice, mahua, buffalo curd, jharberi-palash-kusha, seven grains — the unusual list of Hal Shashthi (gather a day earlier).
- Twigs of jharberi (wild ber), palash (dhak) and kusha — raw thread to tie them into one bush; a picture of Chhath Mata if available
- Pasahi/tinni (wild, unploughed) rice — sold as 'pasahi chawal' at grocers and markets; dried mahua flowers and fruit
- Buffalo milk, curd, ghee (not cow's — the vrat rule); lai (puffed paddy), ber, seven grains (barley, gram, wheat, paddy, maize, moong, urad)
- Turmeric, roli, akshat, sandal, mauli, paan-supari, suhag items (bangles, sindoor, bindi — for Chhath Mata), ghee lamp, incense, camphor
- A picture of the plough and pestle or an idol/picture of Balarama, blue cloth; kalash (water)
- Katha booklet (the seven stories of Hal Shashthi/Harchhath); new clothes or sweets for the children
- Food: pasahi rice, buffalo curd, tubers (dug with a spade), fruit, mahua laddoo; rock salt
Pasahi rice, buffalo curd and ghee, mahua, lai and ber; no plough-grown grain
The food of Hal Shashthi is its identity — unploughed pasahi (tinni) rice, buffalo milk, curd and ghee, mahua, spade-dug tubers, fruit; wheat, rice, pulses and vegetables from ploughed land and anything from cow's milk are forbidden; the seven grains, lai, ber and mahua are offered to Chhath Mata and Balarama.
- Offering: pasahi rice (with buffalo curd or ghee), mahua flowers or laddoo, lai (puffed paddy), ber, seven roasted grains, buffalo-milk kheer (some homes), fruit
- The mother's meal: pasahi rice with buffalo curd, mahua, tubers (yam, sweet potato — spade-dug), banana, apple, pear, buffalo milk; rock salt
- The family's meal: normal, though many homes avoid cow's milk and plough-grown grain for the whole house that day (family custom)
- For the children: a tilak of pasahi and curd, mahua laddoo, new clothes, sweets; the prasad grains for the whole house
- Forbidden: wheat, (ploughed) rice, pulses, vegetables, cow's milk, curd and ghee, ploughing or field work (folk rule), touching the ber twig with the feet
Rules — do's and don'ts
✅ Do
- Gather pasahi rice, mahua, buffalo curd, jharberi-palash-kusha a day earlier; mahua twig at dawn
- Worship Chhath Mata (the twigs) and Balarama (the plough), offer seven grains, lai, ber and mahua, hear the seven stories, bless the children with turmeric-curd
- All day no plough-grown grain and nothing from cow's milk — only pasahi, buffalo curd, mahua, tubers and fruit
- No ploughing or digging in the fields that day (farming families); rest and fodder for the cows and oxen
- Ill or pregnant mothers: puja and katha instead of the fast, the tilak for the children; one fruit meal is enough
❌ Don't
- Cow's milk, curd or ghee (katha rule), any grain, fruit or vegetable grown with the plough; offering produce of a ploughed field
- Passing off cow's milk as buffalo's — the sin of the katha; lies and deceit (truth is the soul of the vrat)
- Touching the ber-palash-kusha twigs with the feet, throwing them in the rubbish after the puja — into water or under a peepal
- Forcing children to fast; giving up the vrat for lack of pasahi — fruit and buffalo milk suffice
- Confusing Hal Shashthi with Janmashtami — it falls two days earlier, Balarama's birthday
Vrat katha
The main katha of Hal Shashthi: a milkmaid was pregnant; even in labour she set out to sell milk and curd — on the way, under a jharberi bush, she gave birth to a son, left him there and went on to sell. It was Hal Shash… Read the full katha →
Frequently asked questions
When is Hal Shashthi in {Y}?
Bhadrapada Krishna Shashthi — date and muhurat above (Delhi); two days before Janmashtami; tithi window above, puja at midday-afternoon, katha in the evening.
What is eaten on Hal Shashthi and what is not?
Eaten — pasahi/tinni rice (unploughed), buffalo milk, curd and ghee, mahua, spade-dug tubers, fruit, lai and ber; not eaten — plough-grown wheat, rice, pulses, vegetables and cow's milk, curd and ghee.
What is pasahi rice and where is it found?
Wild, self-grown paddy (tinni, pasahar, devdhan) — it grows on pond banks without ploughing; sold as 'pasahi chawal' at markets and grocers before Hal Shashthi; if unavailable, keep the vrat on fruit and buffalo milk.
Why buffalo milk only?
In the katha the milkmaid sold cow's milk as buffalo's and lost her son — hence cow's milk is forbidden and buffalo's accepted; in some folk views the cow is dear to Balarama and Krishna, and her milk is left to the calf that day.
For whom is the vrat — sons or daughters?
By tradition mothers with sons keep it for the sons; now most homes keep it for all children (sons and daughters) — the katha rules are the same.
How to make the Chhath Mata bush, and what to do with it afterwards?
Tie twigs of jharberi, palash and kusha with thread and stand them in the plastered ground or pit, wind thread around, offer the seven grains, mahua and lai; the next day float them in water or place them near a peepal or Tulsi — never underfoot.
What is the difference between Hal Shashthi, Jivitputrika and Chhath Puja?
All three concern children and Shashthi Devi — Hal Shashthi on Bhadrapada Krishna 6 (Balarama, pasahi and buffalo curd), Jivitputrika on Ashwin Krishna 8 (waterless fast, the Jimutavahana katha), Chhath Puja on Kartika Shukla 6 (arghya to the Sun); separate pages.
🏠 Hal Shashthi (Lalahi Chhath / Halchhath) 2026 — date, muhurat, full page · All vrat & festivals