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Vedic timekeeping runs from sunrise: one day-night = 60 ghatis, one ghati = 60 palas = 24 minutes, one pala = 24 seconds. Two ghatis make one muhurta (48 minutes) — thirty muhurtas to a full day.
Old panchangs and birth records write time as ishtakaal in ghati-pala — time elapsed since sunrise. This converter changes ghati-pala ↔ hours-minutes both ways; to bring an old record onto the modern clock, add the converted value to that day's sunrise.
What is ishtakaal?
The time elapsed from sunrise at the birthplace to the birth moment, in ghati-pala — the standard of old records. Convert it and add to sunrise to get the clock time of birth.
Why is a ghati exactly 24 minutes?
24 hours ÷ 60 ghatis = 24 minutes — the ghati stays a fixed unit even as day and night lengths change.
How is a muhurta 48 minutes?
2 ghatis = 1 muhurta = 48 minutes; auspicious windows are measured in it — the Abhijit muhurta, for one, is the ~1-muhurta span around midday.
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